![]() Give consideration to maintenance access to air fins, etc., above pipe tracks.Ĭonsider location of equipment requiring frequent attendance by operating personnel and relative position of control room to obtain shortest and most direct routes for operators when on routine operation. Operation and maintenance should be reviewed by the eventual operating company. Large equipment positioned close to boundary limits may require erection from outside.Ĭheck to ascertain whether sufficient space will be available at the construction phase. ![]() Provide adequate access to lift these into place. Consider large items of equipment or towers for which special lifting gear will be required. Overall plant arrangement must be reviewed for constructions, operation, safety and maintenance. Advantages are design and construction economy, improved maintenance and operating efficiency. Follow this principle for this similar equipment sequences within the process stream, for example, fractionator tower with overhead condensers, reflux drum pumps and reboiler, etc., is a system which could be repeated almost identically for different towers having a different process duty. If possible, duplicated streams should be made identical. This should also help to achieve a common elevation for off takes from pipeways. These elevations being to bottom of pipe or underside of shoe for insulated lines. Piping around pumps, exchangers and similar ground-level equipment should be run at set elevations, one for north-south and another for east-west elevations wherever possible. If adjacent to a structure, common face will be on the structure side.Ĭenter lines of exchanger channel nozzles and center lines of pump discharge nozzles should be lined up. Towers and large vertical vessels will be arranged in rows with a common center line if of similar size, but line up with a common face if diameters vary greatly. Buildings, structures and groups of equipment should form neat, symmetrical, balanced layout, consistent with keeping pipe runs to a minimum. Preference should be given to use of a single central pipeway with a minimum number of side branches, with equipment laid out in rows on either side. ![]() An attractively laid out plant with equipment in straight lines is usually economical. Aesthetic ConsiderationsĪttention should be paid to the general appearance of the plant. Pumps should in general be located with their motors underneath the main piperack. Space saving can be achieved by locating equipment over the piperack. Optimize use of supporting structures in concrete or steel by duplicating their application to more than one item of equipment and ensuring that accessways, platforms, etc., have more than one function. Minimize runs of alloy pipework and large bore pipe without the introduction of expensive expansion devices. As compact a layout as possible with all equipment at grade is the first objective, consistent with standard clearances, construction and safety requirements. Economic ConsiderationsĪpart from process restrictions, position equipment for maximum economy of pipe-work and supporting steel. Local bye-laws and Fire Office whose requirements may be more stringent or specific than the above codes shall take precedence. Unpressurised substation and switchrooms a minimum of 15 meters from any hazard.ĭefinition of dangerous areas and their safety requirements shall be in accordance with the Institute of Petroleum Safety Codes, or where this is not recognized, to the applicable National Code(s). 2.2 Locate BuildingsĮxample offices, first-aid rooms, cafeterias, garages, fire station, warehouses, gas holders and work-shops a minimum of 30 meters from any hazard. ![]() Ensure maximum cable run to any instrument is not more than 90 meters. 2.1 Locate Control Roomsġ5 meters or more from equipment which in operation or during maintenance can create a hazard. Limitations of pressure or temperature drop in transfer lines decide proximity of furnaces, reactors, etc.Įquipment items considered a possible source of hazard should preferably be grouped and located separately, if possible and economic.įurnaces, flare stacks, or other direct fired equipment containing an open flame rotating or mechanical equipment handling flammable or volatile liquids which could easily leak or spill.Įquipment handling acids or other toxic materials which could cause damage or danger by spillage, should be grouped and contained within a bunded area. Fluid flow requirements, for example gravity flow systems, pump suction heads and thermosyphon system, often dictate relative elevations and provoke the need for structures. Columns and Drums (Vertical/Horizontal)Įquipment should be laid out in a sequence to suit the process flow. ![]()
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